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- The nature of the item being sent, i.e. a kettle could be expected to be put into the list 'household goods'.
- How large the cargo is, both in terms of item sizing and quantity.
- How long the item for transportation will be in transit.
- Loads are generally checked as household goods, express, parcel, and freight Payloads.

Furniture, artistic productions, or like Things are ordinarily sorted as household goods.

Very small business or personal items like envelopes are considered as overnight express or express letter shipments. These shipments are rarely over a few pounds, and virtually always go in the carriers own packaging. Service levels are varying, depending on the shippers choice. Express goods nearly always travel some distance by aviation. An envelope will go coast to coast overnight or it may take numerous days, depending on the service selections and prices paid.

Larger things like small boxes are looked at as parcel or ground despatches. These despatches are rarely over 100 pounds, with no single piece of the article weighing more than more or less 70 pounds. Shipments are universally packaged, sometimes in the shippers packaging and typically in carrier-provided packaging. Service levels are again varying; but virtually all ground cargos will move almost 500-700 miles per day, going seashore to sea-coast in roughly four days depending on origin. Parcel dispatches rarely journey by air, and usually move via road and rail. Parcels represent the absolute majority of business-to-consumer (B2C) items.

Beyond HHG, express, and parcel shipments, movements are described as freight shipments.

Less-than-truckload (LTL) freight:

The first family of freight item is less than truckload (LTL). LTL represents the majority of freight shipments Air cargo or air freight shipments are very similar to LTL shipments in terms of size and packaging requirements.

Truckload (TL) freight:

In the United States of America payloads greater than around 15,000 pounds are sometimes classified as truckload (TL) in that it is most frugal to exclusively use a truck rather than share it in an LTL environment.
A load is limited to the space available in the trailer -- nominally 48' or 53 long and about 100 inches wide and 106 inches high. Increasing shipment size has proven to be a significant opportunity for many companies - particularly large consumer product companies.

Programs for increasing load size include: consolidating orders onto the truck using a Transportation management system. Here the "optimal combination of orders and stops can be used to fill out the truck. When sending freight, it is exceedingly important to know about pricing, claims, and insurance.

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How freight pricing works:

Each item has a class assigned to it based on the items density, loadability or mixability, value, and other factors. Freight classes range from 50 to 500, and generally indicate the percentage of the base rate that should apply. So class 85 freight should be charged 85% of the full rate between points A and B, theoretically.

Truckload (TL) carriers usually charge a rate per mile. The rate varies depending on the distance, geographic location of the delivery, items being shipped, equipment type required, and service times required. TL shipments usually receive a variety of surcharges very similar to those described for LTL shipments above. In the TL market, there are thousands more small carriers than in the LTL market; so the use of transportation intermediaries or brokers is extremely common.

Cargo insurance:

About 10% of all freight shipments will experience some significant loss or damage. It is a common misconception that a freight rate includes full coverage insurance, when in fact a base freight rate typically includes only a bare minimum of cargo insurance. A shipper should always ask their carrier or intermediary what the insurance coverage is for every specific shipment. LTL shipments will often be insured for less than 25 cents per pound, and TL shipments will often be insured for only slightly more than LTL shipments. Most TL carriers have maximum cargo insurance of $100,000 for the entire load; but for a 40,000 load, thats only about $2.50 per pound.

Freight packaging:

Unlike small parcel shipping via a delivery company like Federal Express or UPS, shipping freight has a much higher likelihood of damage. LTL companies pack lots of different types of freight onto lots of different trailers using forklifts and other heavy equipment, creating a harsh and dirty environment for freight. Other LTL shipments will be packed around and on top of a given customer's shipment; so all freight shipments should be packaged very carefully.

Freight shipping summary:

Railcars may ship any bulk trade goods to numerous locations. Shippers normally first check that they are using the best type of carrier for their specific type of load: using an LTL carrier for an LTL payload, for example. While parcel carriers will accept LTL loadings, and LTL carriers will accept TL consignments, shippers will commonly receive lower quality service at higher rates when carriers service shipments that is "non-standard" for their particular company.

once the shipper has chosen the best sort of carrier, the shipper then shops various carriers in order to find the most appropriate service and price for their object. Shippers seek out all-inclusive quotes that include all surcharges and accessorial costs.

when the shipper has chosen the mode and carrier and is geared up to ship, they generally over-package their freight shipment and verify insurance policy coverage, to lessen the chance of damage and claims.

Inexperienced shippers on a regular basis use the services of a freight go-between or consultant to help them locate the correct carrier, service, and price for their loads.

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